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''Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) describes a research and innovation process that takes into account effects and potential impacts on the environment and society. The approach is and has been part of several European Framework Programmes and has been developed in scientific and technological publications in journals and conferences, as well as in projects. By June 2014, there were at least a dozen international research projects, most of them funded or co-funded by the European Commission, that were involved in developing a Responsible Research and Innovation governance framework.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=RRI Resources )〕 == Definitions == There are several definitions of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI). RRI "refers to the comprehensive approach of proceeding in research and innovation in ways that allow all stakeholders that are involved in the processes of research and innovation at an early stage (A) to obtain relevant knowledge on the consequences of the outcomes of their actions and on the range of options open to them and (B) to effectively evaluate both outcomes and options in terms of societal needs and moral values and (C) to use these considerations (under A and B) as functional requirements for design and development of new research, products and services." The European Commission (EC) described RRI in an earlier publication as a framework that consisted of six key action points: # Engagement: It implies that societal challenges should be framed on the basis of widely representative social, economic and ethical concerns and common principles on the strength of joint participation of all societal actors - researchers, industry, policymakers and civil society. # Gender Equality: Addresses the underrepresentation of women, indicating that human resources management must be modernized and that the gender dimension should be integrated in the research and innovation content. # Science Education: Faces the challenge to better equip future researchers and other societal actors with the necessary knowledge and tools to fully participate and take responsibility in the research and innovation process. # Open Access: States that RRI must be both transparent and accessible. Free online access should be given to the results of publicly funded research (publications and data). # Ethics: Requires that research and innovation respects fundamental rights and the highest ethical standards in order to ensure increased societal relevance and acceptability of research and innovation outcomes. # Governance: Addresses the responsibility of policymakers to prevent harmful or unethical developments in research and innovation. The latter is a fundamental basis for the development of the rest of the dimensions. RRI can be defined as "a transparent, interactive process by which societal actors and innovators become mutually responsive to each other with a view to the (ethical) acceptability, sustainability and societal desirability of the innovation process and its marketable products in order to allow a proper embedding of scientific and technological advances in our society." According to Owen ''et al.'' (2012) there are three main features of RRI that overlap to a great extent with the EC Framework: # Democratic governance of the purposes of research and innovation and their orientation towards the "right impacts". # Responsiveness, emphasizing the integration and institutionalization of established approaches of anticipation, reflection and deliberation in and around research and innovation, influencing the direction of these and associated policy. # Framing of responsibility itself in the context of research and innovation as collective activities with uncertain and unpredictable consequences. According to Stilgoe ''et al.'' (2013), RRI has four dimensions: # Anticipation # Reflexivity # Inclusion # Responsiveness RRI is best understood as a higher level responsibility that aims to shape, develop, and align existing and future research and innovation-related processes. The concept is applied mainly for science and technology-based research and innovation, in particular in the area of emerging technologies—notably nanotechnologies, Information and communications technology (ICT), genomics, synthetic biology and geo-engineering. However, some authors state that RRI could also encompass financial instruments, public policy or community innovations, distribution, service or system innovations. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Responsible Research and Innovation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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